§ 11.01. M-1 Limited Manufacturing District.

1.

Purpose. The M-1 District is established to provide areas for manufacturing concerns whose operations are of a high performance standard, and to establish standards of performance so that manufacturing districts may be established in proximity to residential and business districts without adversely affecting such areas; to provide regulations to assure adequate open space between manufacturing uses and the M-1 District boundaries and adjacent residential areas.

2.

Permitted Uses. The following uses are permitted.

a.

Retail and Service Uses, as follows:

Animal pounds and shelters.

Automobile service stations, where the retail sale of gasoline and oil for motor vehicles, including minor services customarily incidental thereto, may be conducted out-of-doors. Lubrication and washing facilities, including auto laundries, are permitted only if in a completely enclosed building.

Battery and tire service stations.

Contractor or construction buildings such as lumber, cement, electrical, refrigeration, air conditioning, masonry, painting, plumbing, roofing, heating and ventilating.

Garages and parking lots—other than accessory—and subject to the provisions of Section 13.00.

Greenhouses.

Ice sales, linen, towel, diaper, and other similar supply services.

Riding academies and stables, horse.

Trade schools.

b.

Any production, processing, cleaning, servicing, testing, repair or storage of materials, goods or products—except those uses involving the storage, utilization or manufacturing of materials or products which decompose by detonation, which conform with the performance standards set forth below, and which shall not be injurious or offensive to the occupants of adjacent premises by reasons of the emission of or creation of noise, vibration, smoke, dust or other particular [particulate] matter, toxic or noxious materials, odors, fire or explosive hazards, or glare or heat, which uses include but are not limited to the following:

Agricultural buildings and structures.

Advertising displays.

Apparel and other products manufactured from textiles.

Automobile laundries.

Automobile and truck repair, including body repair and repainting.

Automobile painting, upholstering, repairing, reconditioning, and body and fender repairing, when done within the confines of a structure.

Bakeries.

Blacksmith shops.

Books—hand binding and tooling.

Bottling works—non-alcoholic.

Brushes and brooms.

Building equipment, building materials, lumber, coal, sand and gravel yards, and yards for contracting equipment of public agencies, or public utilities or materials or equipment of similar nature.

Cameras and other photographic equipment and supplies.

Canning and preserving.

Canvas and canvas products.

Carpet and rug cleaning.

Carting, express hauling or storage yard.

Cement block manufacture.

Ceramic products—such as pottery and small glazed tile.

Cleaning and dyeing establishments.

Clothing.

Cosmetics and toiletries.

Creameries and dairies.

Dentures.

Drugs.

Electrical appliances, such as lighting fixtures, irons, fans, toasters and electrical toys.

Electrical equipment assembly, such as home radio and television receivers and home movie equipment, but not including electrical machinery.

Electrical supplies, manufacturing and assembly of—such as wire and cable assembly, switches, lamps, insulation and dry cell batteries.

Food products, processing, and combining of, baking, boiling, canning, cooking, dehydrating, freezing, frying, grinding, mixing and pressing, but not including abattoirs and slaughterhouses.

Fur goods, but not including tanning and dyeing.

Glass products, from previously manufactured glass.

Hair, felt and feather products (except washing, curing and dyeing).

Hat bodies of fur and wool felt.

Hosiery.

House trailers.

Ice, dry and natural.

Ink mixing and packaging and inked ribbons.

Insecticides.

Jewelry.

Laboratories—medical, dental, research, experimental and testing—provided there is no danger from fire or explosion or offensive noise, vibration, smoke, dust, odor, heat, glare or other objectionable influence.

Laundries.

Leather products, including shoes and machine belting.

Luggage.

Machine shops for tool, die and pattern making.

Metal finishing, plating, grinding, sharpening, polishing, cleaning, rust-proofing and heat treatment.

Metal stamping and extrusion of small products, such as costume jewelry, pins and needles, razor blades, bottle caps, buttons and kitchen utensils.

Musical instruments.

Orthopedic and medical appliances, such as artificial limbs, braces, supports and stretchers.

Packing and crating.

Paper products, small, such as envelopes and stationary, bags, boxes, tubes and wallpaper printing.

Perfumes and cosmetics.

Pharmaceutical products, compounding only.

Plastic products, but not including the processing of the raw materials.

Poultry and rabbits—slaughtering.

Precision instruments—such as optical, medical and drafting.

Products from finished materials—plastic, bone, cork, feathers, felt, fibre, fur, glass, hair, horn, leather, paper, precious and semi-precious stones, rubber, shell or yarn.

Printing and newspaper publishing, including engraving and photoengraving.

Public utility electric substations and distribution centers, gas regulation centers, and underground gas holder stations.

Railroad rights-of-way and trackage, but not including classification yards, roundhouses and other similar uses.

Railroad passenger depots.

Repair of household or office machinery or equipment.

Rubber products, small, and synthetic treated fabrics (excluding all rubber and synthetic processing), such as washers, gloves, footwear, bathing caps and atomizers.

Silverware, plate and sterling.

Soap and detergents, packaging only.

Soldering and welding.

Sporting and athletic equipment, such as balls, baskets, cues, gloves, bats, racquets and rods.

Statuary, mannequins, figurines, and religious and church art goods, excluding foundry operations.

Storage of household goods.

Storage and sale of trailers, farm implements and other similar equipment on an open lot.

Storage of flammable liquids, fats or oil, but only after the location and protective measures have been approved by local governing officials.

Textiles—spinning, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing, printing, knit goods, yard, thread and cordage, but not including textile bleaching.

Tobacco curing and manufacturing, and tobacco products.

Tool and die shops.

Tools and hardware—such as bolts, nuts and screws, doorknobs, drills, hand tools and cutlery, hinges, house hardware, locks, nonferrous metal castings and plumbing appliances.

Toys.

Truck, tractor, trailer or bus garage or storage yard, but not including a motor freight terminal.

Umbrellas.

Upholstering (bulk), including mattress manufacturing, rebuilding and renovating.

Vehicles, children's—such as bicycles, scooters, wagons and baby carriages.

Watches.

Wood products, such as furniture, boxes, crates, baskets and pencils and cooperage works.

Any other manufacturing establishment that can be operated in compliance with the performance standards listed below without creating objectionable noise, odor, dust, smoke, gas, fumes and vapor; and that is a use compatible with the use and occupancy of adjoining properties.

c.

Wholesaling and Warehousing: local cartage and express facilities (but not including motor freight terminals).

d.

Public and community service uses, as follows:

Bus terminals, bus turnarounds, bus garages, bus lots, street railway terminals or street car houses.

Electric substations.

Fire stations.

Municipal or privately-owned recreation buildings or community centers.

Parks and recreation areas.

Police stations.

Sewage treatment plants.

Telephone exchanges and coin telephones, outdoor.

Water filtration plants.

Water pumping stations.

Water reservoirs.

e.

Residential uses, as follows:

Dwelling units for watchmen and their families when located on the premises where they are employed in such capacity.

f.

Miscellaneous uses, as follows:

Accessory uses.

Radio and television towers.

Signs, as permitted and regulated in Section 12.00.

Temporary buildings for construction purposes—for a period not to exceed the duration of such construction.

3.

Special Uses. The following uses may be allowed by special use permit in accordance with the provisions of the Administration Section:

Airports or aircraft landing fields, public or private.

Automobile laundries.

Banks and financial institutions.

Battery and tire service stations.

Churches. (Ord. No. 801.5, 1-21-80)

Currency exchanges.

Drug stores.

Filling of holes, pits or lowlands with non-combustible material free from refuse and food wastes.

Junk yards and automobile wrecking yards provided they are contained within completely enclosed buildings or screened by a solid wall or uniformly painted solid fence at least ten (10) feet high.

Mining, loading and hauling of sand, gravel, topsoil or other aggregate or minerals, including equipment, buildings or structures for screening, crushing, mixing, washing or storage, provided that:

a.

No open pit or shaft is less than one hundred (100) feet from any public road.

b.

All buildings or structures for the screening, crushing, washing, mixing or storage are located not less than one hundred and fifty (150) feet from any property line.

c.

The borders of the property adjacent to any district other than an M District are fenced with a solid fence or wall at least six (6) feet in height.

d.

A plan of development for the reclamation of the land is provided as part of the application for special use. The plan of development shall be accompanied by a written agreement between the owner or his agent and the City of Pontiac, and a performance bond in an amount equal to the cost of the reclamation of the land as set forth in the development plan.

Motor freight terminals.

Penal and correctional institutions.

Ready-mix cement plants, provided that all of the following development and operational requirements are satisfied:

1.

All vehicle approaches, drives, parking areas, and other developed areas upon which vehicle traffic is contemplated shall be surfaced as required for parking facilities under the terms of section 13.03(8)b. of this ordinance.

2.

All special use permits issued for such use shall be subject to such reasonable conditions, development requirements and operational requirements as the city council shall impose in the ordinance approving said special use. (Ord. No. 96-O-036, § 1, 7-15-96)

Retail sales ancillary to a permitted use. (Ord. No. 96-O-023, § 1, 6-2-96)

Sanitary land fill.

Stadiums, auditoriums and arenas.

Taverns.

Theaters, outdoor drive-in.

Any use permitted in the M-2 General Manufacturing District, provided the performance standards of this district can be met in their entirety.

4.

Off-Street Parking and Loading shall be as permitted or required in Section 13.00

5.

Conditions of Use. All permitted uses are subject to the following conditions:

a.

Any production, processing, cleaning, servicing, testing and repair or storage of goods, materials or products shall conform with the performance standards set forth below.

b.

All business, production, servicing, [and] processing shall take place within completely enclosed buildings unless otherwise specified. Within one hundred and fifty (150) feet of a residence district, all storage shall be in completely enclosed buildings or structures, and storage located elsewhere in this district may be open to the sky but shall be enclosed by solid walls or fences (including solid doors or gates thereto) at least six (6) feet high, but in no case lower in height than the enclosed storage and suitably landscaped.

However, open off-street loading facilities and open off-street parking of motor vehicles under one and one-half tons capacity may be unenclosed throughout the district, except for such screening of parking and loading facilities as may be required under the provisions of Section 13.00.

c.

Uses established on the effective date of this ordinance and by its provisions rendered non-conforming shall be permitted to continue, subject to the regulations of Section 5.00

d.

Uses established after the effective date of this ordinance shall conform fully to the performance standards hereinafter set forth for the district.

6.

Yard Areas. No building or structure shall hereafter be erected or structurally altered unless the following yards are provided and maintained in connection with such building:

a.

Front Yard. On every zoning lot a front yard of not less than thirty (30) feet in depth shall be provided. However, where lots within the same block and comprising forty (40) percent of the frontage on the same street are already developed on the effective date of the ordinance with front yards with an average depth of less than thirty (30) feet, then such average depth shall be the required front yard depth for such frontage in said block.

b.

Side Yards. On every zoning lot a side yard shall be provided along each side lot line. Each side yard shall not be less in width than ten (10) percent of the lot width, but need not exceed twenty (20) feet in width, except that a side yard along a street shall conform to the requirements for front yards as set forth above. No side yard shall be less than five (5) feet.

c.

Rear Yard. On every zoning lot there shall be a rear yard of not less than thirty (30) feet, except where a use in the M-1 District is adjacent to a residence district a rear yard shall be provided and maintained of not less than fifty (50) feet.

7.

Maximum Lot Coverage. Not more than sixty (60) percent of the lot area may be occupied by buildings and structures, including accessory buildings.

8.

Maximum Floor Area Ratio. The maximum floor area ratio shall not exceed 1.5.

9.

Performance Standards. Any use established in the M-1 Manufacturing District after the effective date of this comprehensive amendment shall be so operated as to comply with the performance standards set forth hereinafter. No use lawfully established on the effective date of this comprehensive amendment shall be so altered or modified as to conflict with, or further conflict with, the performance standards established hereinafter for the M-1 District:

a.

Noise. Sound levels shall be measured with a sound level meter and associated octave band filter manufactured according to the standards prescribed by the American Standards Association. Measurements shall be made using the flat network of the sound level meter. Impulsive type noises shall be subject to the performance standards hereinafter prescribed provided that such noises shall be capable of being accurately measured with such equipment. Noises capable of being so measured, for the purpose of this ordinance, shall be those noises which cause rapid fluctuations of the needle of the sound level meter with a variation of no more than plus or minus two decibels. Noises incapable of being so measured, such as those of an irregular and intermittent nature shall be controlled so as not to become a nuisance to adjacent uses.

At no point either on the boundary of a residence district or a business district or at one hundred and twenty-five (125) feet from the nearest property line of a plant or operation, whichever distance is greater, shall the sound pressure level of an individual operation or plant (other than the operation of motor vehicles and other transportation facilities) exceed the decibel levels at the designated octave bands shown hereafter for the districts indicated.

Octave Band Cycles Per Second	Maximum Permitted Sound Level in Decibels Boundaries or 125 Feet From Plant or Operation Property Line
	Residence Districts	Business Districts
0 to   75	74	81
75 to  150	61	70
150 to  300	54	63
300 to  600	48	59
600 to 1200	45	55
1200 to 2400	41	52
2400 to 4800	38	50
4800 and over	36	48

 

b.

Smoke and Particulate Matter.

(1)

No stack shall emit more than ten (10) smoke units during any one hour, nor shall smoke of a density in excess of Ringelmann No. 2 be emitted, provided that during a single one-hour period in each twenty-four hour day each stack may emit up to twenty (20) smoke units when blowing soot or cleaning fires, and during such cleaning of fires, smoke of a density of Ringelmann No. 3 may be emitted, but not for longer than four minutes each period.

(2)

No emission of smoke or particulate matter shall exceed a density of Ringelmann No. 3, except for a plume consisting entirely of condensed steam. For the purposes of grading the density of emission, the Ringelmann Chart published and used by the United States Bureau of Mines shall be employed.

(3)

The rate of emission of particulate matter from all sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not exceed a net figure of one (1) pound per acre of lot area during any one hour.

(4)

Dust and other forms of air pollution borne by the wind from such sources as storage areas, yards, roads and so forth, within lot boundaries shall be kept to a minimum by appropriate landscaping, paving, oiling, or other acceptable means. The emission of particulate matter from such sources shall conform with the requirements of paragraph (3) above.

(5)

In addition to the performance standards specified herein, the emission of smoke or particulate matter in such manner or quantity as to be detrimental to or endanger the public health, safety, comfort or welfare is hereby declared to be a public nuisance.

c.

Odorous Matter. The emission of odorous matter from any property in such concentrations as to be readily detectable at any point along the boundaries of said property or in such concentrations as to create a public nuisance or hazard beyond such boundaries is prohibited.

d.

Vibration. Any process or equipment which produces intense earthshaking vibrations—such as are created by heavy drop forges or heavy hydraulic surges—shall be set back at least five hundred (500) feet from the property boundaries on all sides, except for a property line adjoining an M-2 District, where such setback shall not be mandatory. However, in no case shall such vibrations be allowed to create a public nuisance or hazard beyond the property boundaries.

e.

Toxic or Noxious Matter. No use on any property shall discharge across the boundaries of said property toxic or noxious matter in such concentrations as to be detrimental to or endanger the public health, safety, comfort, or welfare, or cause injury or damage to other property or business.

f.

Glare or Heat. Any operation producing intense glare or heat shall be performed within a completely enclosed building and effectively screened in such a manner as not to create a public nuisance or hazard along property boundaries. Exposed sources of light shall be shielded so as not to create a nuisance across lot lines.

g.

Fire and Explosive Hazards. Fire and explosive hazards shall be controlled as follows:

(1)

Activities involving the storage or manufacture of materials or products which decompose by detonation are not permitted in the M-1 Districts.

(2)

The storage, utilization or manufacture of materials ranging from incombustible to moderate burning—asdetermined by the Zoning Administrator—is permitted.

(3)

Storage, utilization or manufacture of materials or products ranging from free or active burning to intense burning—as determined by the Zoning Administrator—is permitted under the following conditions:

(a)

All storage, utilization or manufacture of such materials, or products shall be within completely enclosed buildings or structures having incombustible exterior walls; and

(b)

All such buildings or structures shall be set back at least forty (40) feet from property boundaries or, in lieu thereof, shall be protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler system complying with standards for installation prescribed by the National Fire Protection Association.

(4)

Materials or products which produce flammable or explosive vapors or gases under ordinary weather temperatures shall not be permitted in this district, with the exception of the following, which are permitted:

(a)

Materials required for emergency or standby equipment.

(b)

Materials used in secondary processes which are auxiliary to a principal operation—such as paint spraying of finished products; and

(c)

Flammable liquids and oils stored, sold and used in conjunction with the operation of any automobile service station and customarily required or used in such operation.